PostgreSQL高级特性完全指南：JSONB、窗口函数与递归查询实战

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PostgreSQL高级特性指南

PostgreSQL是最先进的开源关系型数据库，丰富的数据类型和扩展能力使其在复杂场景下表现优异。

JSON/JSONB支持

-- JSONB查询
SELECT * FROM products WHERE specs @> '{"color": "red"}';
SELECT jsonb_pretty(specs) FROM products WHERE id = 1;

窗口函数

SELECT name, department, salary,
  RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) as rank
FROM employees;

CTE递归查询

WITH RECURSIVE org(id, name, parent_id, level) AS (
  SELECT id, name, parent_id, 1 FROM departments WHERE parent_id IS NULL
  UNION ALL
  SELECT d.id, d.name, d.parent_id, o.level + 1
  FROM departments d JOIN org o ON d.parent_id = o.id
)
SELECT * FROM org;

全文搜索

SELECT * FROM articles
WHERE to_tsvector('chinese', content) @@ to_tsquery('chinese', '微服务');

性能调优

• EXPLAIN ANALYZE分析执行计划
• 合理创建索引
• 配置shared_buffers、work_mem

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